Drag coefficient and frontal area of a solitary mature tree
نویسندگان
چکیده
Trees are important natural wind engineering elements in both the urban and agricultural contexts, but their aerodynamic description has been limited by its focus on young, flexible trees. Here, we provide a reformulation of classical drag equation, which is also suitable for mature wind-adapted The new formulation based results from full-scale experiment with solitary oak tree, determined all terms equation experimentally. We present photographical method accurate quantification tree’s frontal area under highly variable outdoor lighting conditions. used database images surveillance camera, high-quality subset was automatically selected machine learning algorithms. Compared to previous work younger smaller trees, tree lower absolute value Vogel exponent, indicates relatively low degree reconfiguration. presented underline high efficiency trees reducing momentum wind. can be quantify effect similar simulations, determining applied other measurement campaigns. • Mature have coefficient compared rough sphere or cylinder. Both show speed dependency. accurately assessed using image processing techniques time series photos acquired field studies cameras.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['0167-6105', '1872-8197']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104854